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- MILESTONES, Page 99TV's Long-Running TastemakerWilliam S. Paley: 1901-1990
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- By the time he reached retirement age in 1966, CBS founder
- William S. Paley had changed America. As broadcasting's pioneer
- programmer, he had made household names of Lucille Ball and
- Jackie Gleason. As an empire builder, he had created a
- conglomerate with interests ranging from magazines to music.
- But at 65, the CBS chairman was just beginning two more decades
- at the top. He tirelessly presided over his beloved company,
- defending it against rival networks, corporate raiders and
- successors he deemed unworthy. He did retire in 1983, only to
- be restored as chairman after investor Laurence Tisch took
- control of the company three years later. Though Paley's power
- was greatly diminished, not until he died last week at 89 was
- his influence over CBS finally ended.
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- Paley was broadcasting's premier tastemaker, the impresario
- who turned the American living room into the most important
- venue in show business. "When it came to finding new talent,"
- he wrote in his autobiography, As It Happened, "I seemed to
- have a good ear." While strolling the deck of a steamship in
- 1931, the young radio executive overheard a recording of an
- obscure singer whose baritone captivated him. After peering at
- the label on the record, he cabled his subordinates: SIGN UP
- SINGER NAMED BING CROSBY.
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- Paley was a high-living bon vivant who, along with his
- glamorous second wife Babe, traveled in glittery social circles
- and carefully cultivated his own legend. A forthcoming
- biography by Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: The Life of
- William S. Paley, debunks some of that legend, pointing out
- that Paley frequently exaggerated his role in the early
- development of radio and that he was initially skeptical of the
- new medium of television.
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- The son of immigrants from Russia who made a fortune in the
- cigar business, Paley entered the family firm in Philadelphia
- and one day decided to sponsor a variety show, La Palina Hour,
- on a local radio station. The program's popularity hooked him.
- His family helped Paley raise $500,000 in 1928 to buy control
- of 16 radio stations, which he renamed the Columbia
- Broadcasting System.
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- Paley was a consummate salesman, with a smile as bright as
- studio lights. While other budding network entrepreneurs
- charged their affiliates for programming, Paley cleverly
- offered it free to local stations as long as they gave him
- choice time slots for his nationally sponsored shows. A
- lifelong newshound, Paley built broadcasting's most prestigious
- news organization. He hired Edward R. Murrow and a legendary
- group of reporters to cover the brewing war in Europe and later
- oversaw the creation of See It Now (1951) and 60 Minutes
- (1968).
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- Paley fostered entertainment that balanced intelligence with
- popularity. Among his successes were Playhouse 90, All in the
- Family, The Mary Tyler Moore Show and M*A*S*H. While Paley's
- personal affinities ran to post-Impressionist paintings and
- French cuisine, as a businessman he tolerated such fare as The
- Beverly Hillbillies and Dallas.
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- Under Paley, CBS expanded into business, ranging from
- musical instruments (Fender guitars) to textbooks (Holt,
- Rinehart & Winston). But during the late 1970s, the overgrown
- CBS began to stumble. Like the other networks, it fell prey to
- competition from cable, videocassette recorders and independent
- TV stations. Paley's long search for a successor also burdened
- the company. After Thomas Wyman, his fifth heir apparent, was
- ousted in 1986, new owner Tisch began heavily pruning the
- conglomerate that Paley had built, shedding CBS's magazine and
- record subsidiaries.
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- Despite declining health, Paley struggled to keep a hand in
- his troubled empire. When Diane Sawyer, one of the network's
- top correspondents, was being lured by rival ABC in early 1989,
- Paley met her for a last-ditch lunch to try to persuade her to
- stay. (He failed.) As an octogenarian, Paley proved as stubborn
- in letting go of his vigor as of CBS. Said he: "I could match
- up with most young people, and I do. It helps keep me young.
- I don't sit back and say, `O.K., you can rest now, Paley.'" But
- now he can.
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- By Stephen Koepp.
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